Lawrencium (Lr) — its atomic orbitalsLawrencium is element 103: period 7, actinoid of the f block. Its ground-state configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 5f¹⁴ 6s² 6p⁶ 7s² 7p¹, so its outermost occupied shell is n = 7 and holds 3 electrons.Madelung order predicts 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 5f¹⁴ 6s² 6p⁶ 6d¹ 7s²; the atom fills 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 5f¹⁴ 6s² 6p⁶ 7s² 7p¹ instead. The filling rule is an approximation, and lawrencium is one of the twenty elements where the atom disagrees with it.Each orbital below is the hydrogen-like solution at the effective nuclear charge Slater's rules give its subshell, so its radial nodes and its angular nodes fall where the wavefunction changes sign rather than where a drawing puts them. Slater screening gives the effective charge; the energy is the hydrogen-like −13.606 Z_eff²/n², and ⟨r⟩ the mean radius of one orbital of the subshell.

Subshell

Electrons

Z_eff

Energy (eV)

Radial nodes

Angular nodes

⟨r⟩ (Å)

102.70

-143503.19

0.008

98.85

-33236.40

0.032

98.85

-33236.40

0.027

91.75

-12725.95

0.078

91.75

-12725.95

0.072

75.25

-4815.19

0.169

81.85

-10127.81

0.068

75.25

-4815.19

0.162

45.35

-1119.27

0.438

63.85

-3466.75

0.174

45.35

-1119.27

0.426

13.35

-67.36

2.140

52.45

-2339.33

0.182

31.85

-552.08

0.573

13.35

-67.36

2.101

3.50

-3.40

11.113

20.45

-227.60

0.815

3.50

-3.40

10.962

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