Molybdenum is element 42: period 5, group 6, transition metal of the d block. Its ground-state configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d⁵ 5s¹, so its outermost occupied shell is n = 5 and holds 1 electron.
Madelung order predicts 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d⁴ 5s²; the atom fills 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d⁵ 5s¹ instead. The filling rule is an approximation, and molybdenum is one of the twenty elements where the atom disagrees with it.
Each orbital below is the hydrogen-like solution at the effective nuclear charge Slater's rules give its subshell, so its radial nodes and its angular nodes fall where the wavefunction changes sign rather than where a drawing puts them.
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